Arbitrum , which is among the front-running Layer 2 scaling solutions for Ethereum, has officially opened community voting on its latest protocol upgrade—ArbOS Version 40, codenamed “Callisto.” The vote, which has a seven-day window and is scheduled to conclude on May 29, could usher in one of the most significant technical enhancements to the Arbitrum ecosystem to date. If approved, ArbOS 40 will enable Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova to match Ethereum’s forthcoming Pectra update. The proposal brings with it a series of substantial updates aimed at modernizing the core functions of these chains, making them far easier for developers to work with, and ensuring that the kinds of applications stemming from these chains will be more powerful and user-friendly than ever. Bridging the Gap with Ethereum: ArbOS 40 Introduces Key EIPs Typically, user wallets and other Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) are not as feature-rich as smart contracts. However, EIP-7702 changes this reality and allows EOAs to execute smart contract code. This has been heralded as a new form of native account abstraction, where EOAs can now do many of the things that smart contract wallets can do. For us developers, this marked an important step toward a more flexible blockchain experience. Also included is EIP-2537, which provides support for modern cryptography through new precompiles. These improve efficiency and bring native support for onchain BLS (Boneh–Lynn–Shacham) signature verification, which is a key requirement for advanced cryptographic applications, like the following: 1. Zero-knowledge proofs 2. Threshold signatures 3. Ethereum consensus clients. Also included in this package is EIP-2935. This allows for the direct onchain storage of 27 hours’ worth of historical block hashes by Arbitrum nodes. This feature is crucial for developers who demand recent blockchain states to be accessible in a trustless manner. This is particularly the case when it comes to decentralized applications that hinge on either cross-chain messaging or the secure verification of historical data. Arbitrum's next major protocol upgrade is now live for voting, with 7 days remaining. ArbOS 40 "Callisto" brings @arbitrum One and Nova into alignment with @ethereum 's Pectra upgrade. Here's a quick breakdown pic.twitter.com/c3et1fdgym — Entropy Advisors (@EntropyAdvisors) May 22, 2025 Developer-Focused Enhancements: Stylus VM Fix Apart from the EIPs that made it to the headlines, ArbOS 40 also brings an improvement to the Stylus virtual machine, which is Arbitrum’s advanced execution environment. This is a subtle but meaningful update. It fixes a caching issue that was causing inconsistencies when developers were attempting to work with contracts that didn’t exist at the time of execution. While this fix might seem minor, it guarantees a much greater level of accuracy and predictability for developers, which is crucial for our fundamental Building Blocks of stable, reliable, decentralized applications (dApps). Even within the context of the Arbitrum ecosystem, where developers are utilizing our tools to build the next generation of dApps, improvements like this can only result—in my humble opinion—in a smoother development workflow and more secure applications. This exemplifies the continued work of Arbitrum to enhance its platform with an eye towards meeting developer demands, and it cements Arbitrum’s standing as a rock-solid, forward-thinking blockchain network. Strong Community Backing as Vote Approaches Final Stretch Support for ArbOS 40 from the community has been overwhelming. Right now, about 172 million ARB tokens have been voted in favor of the proposal. That breaks down to about 78 percent of the quorum we need to hit, which is 219.5 million ARB tokens. So far, 2,724 individual voters have participated. And guess what? The support for the upgrade is at an astronomically low number—0.01 percent—so it’s highly likely that we’ll receive the thumbs up for it if voters keep participating at the same rate. If the upgrade is successful, Arbitrum will boost its own infrastructure and will also solidify even further its own interoperability with Ethereum. This alignment with Ethereum’s Pectra upgrade ensures that Arbitrum remains compatible and relevant as the broader ecosystem continues to evolve. For developers, users, and infrastructure partners, ArbOS 40 is more than a simple upgrade. It’s a substantial boost in the platform’s core capabilities, and it’s yet another step toward the next big thing in Ethereum’s evolution. The Arbitrum community has until May 29 to put their thumbs up or down on ArbOS, and with that vote, they’ll make a real difference in what happens next with the platform. 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